Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder marked by widespread pain, heightened sensitivity to pressure, and a host of other debilitating symptoms including fatigue, sleep issues, depression, and cognitive problems often referred to as “fibro fog.” Though its exact cause remains unknown, FM is believed to stem from a mix of genetic and environmental factors, potentially involving trauma, stress, or infections. It primarily affects women—around 7 times more than men—and is classified as a central sensitization syndrome, meaning the pain stems from how the central nervous system processes signals.

Diagnosing FM is challenging due to the absence of definitive tests. Physicians usually rely on symptom criteria or a tender point examination. Diagnosis often takes years, leaving patients feeling misunderstood and unsupported. Treatment is also complex, typically requiring a mix of medication (e.g., Cymbalta, Lyrica), lifestyle changes, and therapy such as CBT. While FM doesn’t cause tissue damage or death, it significantly impacts quality of life.

Prevalence is estimated at 2–8% of the population, with symptoms often overlapping with conditions like ME/CFS. Because of limited specialist access, primary care physicians are encouraged to take a larger role in diagnosis and long-term management, supported by Canadian guidelines issued in 2012.

By: Sarah Almasalkhi, BSc. Phm.